Up to 85 percent of menstruating women experience
some premenstrual symptoms in the few days before their period starts,
according to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Women who experience symptoms five days before a period lasting no more
than 4 days after the period starts three months in a row have
premenstrual syndrome, often called PMS.
Premenstrual symptoms that
indicate a period will start soon occur because of fluctuations in
estrogen and progesterone hormone levels, and vary from woman to woman.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Many women experience abdominal pain or cramping,
diarrhea or constipation, bloating and even nausea and vomiting in the
days right before their period starts, Massachusetts General Hospital
reports. Food cravings and increased appetite also plague some women,
along with weight gain from fluid retention.
Emotional Symptoms
Many women know their period is about to start by
mood changes. Some women become oversensitive, irritable, angry,
depressed or tearful. Others are nervous, have difficulty sleeping, or
withdraw from social situations. Memory loss, trouble concentrating and
even paranoia can occur in the time leading up to a new period starting,
Massachusetts General Hospital explains. Antidepressants may help women
with severe emotional premenstrual symptoms, the Merck Manual states.
Skin Symptoms
Acne often worsens just before a period starts.
Cold sores are also more likely to occur, along with localized skin
reactions known as scratch dermatitis, the Merck Manual states. Some
women also experience easy bruising and have numbness and tingling in
their hands and feet. Swelling in the face, hands and feet may also
occur. Breast tenderness and pain from fluid retention also affects many
women just before a period.
Fatigue
Many women are more tired than normal just before a period. Some find themselves becoming more clumsy than usual.
Worsening Health Problems
Women with seizure disorders, asthma, allergies
and connective tissue disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic
lupus erythematosus may find their symptoms worsening just before a
menstrual period, the Merck Manual warns.
Other Symptoms
Headache, dizziness, fainting, a rapid heartbeat,
hot flashes, joint pain and muscle spasms can all occur just before a
menstrual period. Vision problems and conjunctivitis, an inflammation of
the conjunctiva that causes eyes to redden, affect some women. Some
women develop a disinterest in sex, while others find their interest
increases just before their period starts.
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